A transformer is a device that utilizes the principle of electromagnetic induction to change AC voltage. Its main components include the primary coil, secondary coil, and iron core (magnetic core). Its main functions include voltage transformation, current transformation, impedance transformation, isolation, and voltage stabilization (for magnetically saturated transformers), among others.

Isolation transformers are used to transfer power from an AC source to a specific device. Here, the power device is separated from the power source, while also considering safety measures. Additionally, it can block capacitors, allowing the primary and secondary windings to be interconnected. The transformer induces electrical energy from one winding to another, essentially increasing the voltage level of energy from one winding to another. Isolation transformers promote galvanic isolation, preventing power transmission between circuits and suppressing electrical noise. Isolation transformers are designed to resist interference from grounded circuits and reduce capacitive coupling of windings. The transformer uses unconnected bobbins on the coil windings. In all cases, they are protected by electrostatic shielding, which is located between the windings and used to power sensitive equipment such as laboratory equipment, computers, and other electronic devices.

(1) Voltage transformation and adjustment: The primary function of transformers is to convert AC voltage from one level to another through electromagnetic induction. They can convert high voltage to low voltage or low voltage to high voltage to accommodate the needs of different devices. For instance, they can convert 220V mains electricity into lower voltages such as 12V and 24V, which are suitable for use in electronic devices.

(2) Electrical isolation: The transformer provides electrical isolation in the circuit, ensuring that there is no direct current path between the primary and secondary windings. This isolation helps protect people and equipment from dangerous situations such as electric shock and short circuits.

(3) Safety assurance: By providing electrical isolation, transformers reduce the risk of electric shock. Especially in power transformers, they are designed to ensure safe isolation between people and equipment, avoiding direct contact with high-voltage power sources. For example, in marine power systems, transformers can isolate power lines and electric equipment, thereby enhancing safety.

(4) Noise suppression: Transformers can also reduce noise and other unwanted acoustic interference in circuits. They prevent the direct connection of audio amplifier signals to speaker outputs, thereby mitigating noise issues arising from direct signal coupling.

(5) Signal isolation and DC isolation: In certain applications, transformers are utilized to isolate DC power sources, preventing DC components from affecting signal transmission. For instance, in telephone lines, transformers are commonly employed to isolate DC power from signals, ensuring clear and stable signal transmission, while also protecting devices such as amplifiers from interference from DC current.